In 2013, Fredrick Brennan built 8chan, a forum-based website to rival 4chan’s more restrictive platform. Within a few months, 8chan became known for its anonymous posts related to violence and extremism. Following the shootings in Ohio and Texas on 3 August, U.S. cyber security firm Cloudflare said it would terminate 8chan. The platform has allegedly hosted the manifestos of gunmen involved in mass shootings, including last week’s attack in El Paso, Texas, and Christchurch, New Zealand in March.